What is early-onset dementia?

When we hear the word dementia, many of us picture older adults, perhaps someone in their 70s or 80s. But did you know that dementia can also affect people much younger? Early-onset dementia (sometimes called young-onset dementia) refers to any form of dementia diagnosed in someone under the age of 65. It’s less common than dementia in older age, but it’s just as life-changing for those affected and their families.

What is early-onset dementia?

Early-onset dementia is essentially the same as dementia that develops later in life. It’s caused by damage to the brain, which affects memory, thinking, and how a person carries out everyday tasks. However, because it appears earlier, it can bring unique challenges.

According to Alzheimer’s Society, around 70,800 people in the UK are living with early-onset dementia. That’s about 1 in 20 of all dementia cases. While it’s not as common, it can still happen to anyone, regardless of lifestyle or background.

What are the different types of dementia?

Dementia is not a single disease but a group of symptoms caused by various conditions. The most common cause of early-onset dementia is Alzheimer’s disease, but other types include:

• Frontotemporal dementia: often seen in younger people, affecting personality and behaviour before memory problems arise.

• Vascular dementia: caused by reduced blood flow to the brain.

• Dementia with Lewy bodies: this can cause issues with movement, hallucinations and sleep disturbances.

• Genetic factors: in some cases, there is a stronger genetic link for early-onset dementia compared to late-onset forms.

According to Alzheimer’s Research UK, while genetics can play a role, most early-onset cases are not directly inherited. However, if you have concerns about a family history of dementia, it’s always worth seeking advice from your GP.

Recognising the symptoms

The symptoms of early-onset dementia can vary, depending on the cause, but some early signs include:

• Struggling with memory, like forgetting appointments or conversations.

• Difficulty concentrating or finding the right words.

• Changes in mood or personality, such as becoming withdrawn or irritable.

• Trouble with decision-making or problem-solving at work or home.

• Coordination or mobility problems.

Sometimes, symptoms in younger people can be mistaken for stress, depression, or other conditions, which can delay diagnosis. That’s why it’s important to talk to a doctor if something doesn’t feel right.

Finding support

If you or someone you know has been diagnosed with early-onset dementia, you’re not alone. There are resources and support networks available to help:

• Alzheimer’s Society offers advice, support groups and a helpline to help families cope.

• Dementia UK provides specialist advice through their Admiral Nurse service, including practical guidance for younger people with dementia.

• Alzheimer’s Research UK offers information on ongoing research and resources to better understand dementia.

• Younger Dementia Network offers tailored support and activities specifically designed for younger people diagnosed with dementia.

Reaching out to others who are going through similar experiences can be incredibly reassuring.

Early-onset dementia can be life-changing, but understanding the condition is the first step to finding support and living well. If you’re worried about memory problems or changes in behaviour, don’t be afraid to seek help. Early diagnosis means more time to plan and access the right support.

Sources: Alzheimer’s Society, Dementia UK, Alzheimer’s Research UK, Young Dementia Network